World History

The site is in modern-day Peru

Nearby Herculaneum was also buried

He ruled from 27 BCE

It carried goods, technologies and ideas

Quipu recorded information using knotted cords

One of the traditional Seven Wonders

One of the earliest extensive written legal codes

Athenian democracy developed in the 5th century BCE

It developed writing, astronomy and monumental architecture

It fought Rome in the Punic Wars

Also called the Pharos of Alexandria

Think: Mesopotamia means ‘between rivers.’

Scribes made wedge-shaped marks in damp clay with a reed stylus, leaving records that survived for millennia.

It is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids at Giza and the only surviving Ancient Wonder.

Papyrus sheets were made from the pith of a wetland plant that grew along the Nile.

The Parthenon was dedicated to Athena and completed in the fifth century BCE.

Roman roads also connected towns, tax systems, and information across a vast territory.

Latin later developed into the Romance languages, including Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian.

It carried not only silk but also ideas, technologies, religions, plants, and diseases.

Maya peoples used several calendars, including a 260-day ritual cycle and a 365-day solar year.

Maya writing is a full writing system, not simply a set of symbols or pictures.

The famous stele presents the king receiving authority from the god Shamash.

Ziggurats were stepped structures linked to religious and civic life in city-states.

The fifteenth-century site sits high in the Andes and was built from precisely cut stone.

Colour, position, and knot types could encode numerical and administrative information.

Its Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphic texts later helped scholars decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs.

In 1822, Champollion showed that hieroglyphs could represent sounds as well as ideas.

Its eastern continuation, often called the Byzantine Empire, lasted for many more centuries.

Historians compare inscriptions with objects, documents, and later accounts rather than treating one source as the whole story.

King John sealed it at Runnymede

He is famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca

He united the Mongol tribes in the early 13th century

It transformed Christianity in Europe

Juan Sebastián Elcano completed the voyage after Magellan died

Now Istanbul

It flourished under the Mali and Songhai empires

It killed a large share of Europe's population

Its libraries and learning networks connected the Sahara, West Africa, and the wider Islamic world.

His journey to Mecca in the fourteenth century was recorded by writers across North Africa and the Middle East.

The city sat between Europe and Asia and is now called Istanbul.

He promoted satyagraha, or nonviolent resistance

The Bastille was stormed on July 14

Signed in 1787

The revolutions of 1917 ended imperial rule

British rule ended in August

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Apollo 11 landed in July

Fought in 1815

It flourished from the 13th to 15th centuries

Germany surrendered in May and Japan in September

She helped lift the siege of Orléans

Four provinces formed the Dominion of Canada

Fought in 1588

It took effect in 1863

Construction expanded between the 14th and 17th centuries

Border crossings opened on November 9

Signed in 1919

She completed the flight in 1932

He crowned himself emperor in 1804

Classical Athenian democracy was limited to male citizens, not everyone living in the city.

Woodblock printing came earlier in East Asia; movable type made it possible to rearrange reusable characters.

Its shallow draft let crews reach coasts and river settlements that larger ships could not.

Monsoon winds shaped trade routes across the Indian Ocean for centuries.

Merchants traveled with seasonal winds and exchanged goods, languages, and ideas.

It was not one single wall, and its roles changed across different Chinese states and dynasties.

Objects, buildings, landscapes, bones, and fragments can all help reconstruct the past.

A letter, law, photograph, object, or recording can be primary evidence depending on the question.

A source can be valuable without being complete or neutral.